Lumpy Virus: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Prevention and treatment

-

 

Introduction
Lumpy Virus: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Prevention and treatment

Cattle and buffaloes are the main victims of the Lumpy Virus, also known scientifically as Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), a rapidly spreading viral disease. The virus, which was initially identified in Zambia in 1929, has since spread to several continents, including Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The disease's high morbidity rate, economic burden, and difficulties in controlling outbreaks have caused cattle farmers and veterinary authorities to express major concerns.

Everything you need to know about the Lumpy Virus will be covered in this extensive guide, including its causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and government response.

Lumpy Virus: What is it?

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a condition brought on by the Lumpy Virus. It is brought on by a Capripoxvirus, which belongs to the Poxviridae family and shares a close kinship with the viruses that cause goatpox and sheeppox.

Fever, nodular skin lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and a decrease in milk output are the hallmarks of lumpy skin disease in cattle. Despite its low death rate (1–5%), trade restrictions, decreased output, and hide damage result in large economic losses.

Origin and spread of lumpy virus

The Lumpy Virus, which was endemic in Africa at first, made its way to the Middle East and some regions of Europe. Nonetheless, reports of LSD breakouts in Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and other Asian nations have surfaced in recent years.

Odisha announced the first confirmed outbreak in India in 2019. Numerous states, including Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Punjab, have since reported widespread outbreaks.

Reasons for the Lumpy Virus

The Capripoxvirus infection is the main cause of the Lumpy Virus. The disease's severity and spread are influenced by a number of management and environmental factors:
  • Inadequate care for animals
  • Conditions of overcrowded cattle
  • Existence of insects that bite, such as flies, ticks, and mosquitoes
  • Herds without vaccinations
  • Transfer of diseased animals between states or farms

The Lumpy Virus: How Is It Spread?

Unlike the human flu, LSD is vector-borne, meaning it is spread by insects and blood-feeding vectors. Among the most prevalent vectors are:
  • The mosquito
  • Ticks
  • Consistent flies
  • Midges that bite
  • The virus is transferred from an infected animal to a healthy one by these insects. Additionally, transmission can happen through:
  • Polluted water or feed
  • Needles or medical supplies
  • Direct communication (less frequent)

Lumpy Skin Disease Symptoms

After infection, symptoms usually show up 4–14 days later. The following are typical clinical indicators:

Symptoms in the early stages:

  • high fever (40–41.5°C)
  • Appetite loss
  • nasal discharge and watery eyes
  • Abrupt decline in milk output

Visible sign

  • Signs that are visible include lumps or nodules on the skin, especially around the neck, back, and limbs, that are 2 to 5 cm in diameter.
  • enlarged lymph nodes
  • Wounds or skin sores that could get infected
  • Walking difficulties or lameness
  • Abortion in cows that are pregnant
  • Bulls that are infertile

Identification of the Lumpy Virus

A precise diagnosis is essential for efficient management and therapy. Diagnostic techniques consist of:
  • Identification of distinctive skin nodules is a clinical observation.
  • The most accurate method for identifying viral DNA is the PCR test (polymerase chain reaction).
  • The ELISA test is used to find antiviral antibodies.
  • Isolation of viruses: In specialized labs.
  • Examining the impacted tissues is known as histopathology.
  • Isolating afflicted animals and stopping the virus's transmission can be facilitated by early diagnosis.

Treatment of lumpy virus

LSD does not presently have a particular antiviral therapy. The primary goals of treatment are to:

Manage bacterial secondary infections
Cut down on pain and inflammation
Keep yourself nourished and hydrated.

Treatments that are frequently used:

Antibiotics (oxytetracycline, for example): To stop secondary bacterial infections
Anti-inflammatory medications: To lessen discomfort and edema
Antihistamines: In certain situations
Antiseptics applied topically: To skin lesions
Avoidance and Management
The best approach to dealing with LSD is prevention. The following are important preventative techniques:

1. Immunization

The mainstay of LSD prevention is vaccination. Two kinds of vaccinations are employed:
LSDV-specific live attenuated LSD vaccination
The cross-protective sheeppox vaccineAs an emergency measure, the goat pox vaccine has been utilized in India. The Indian government introduced Lumpi-ProVacInd, an indigenous vaccine, in 2022.

2. Vector Control

Using insect repellents to control vectors
Cleaning animal shelters on a regular basis
Removing standing water to stop mosquitoes from breeding

Electrolytes and multivitamins: To strengthen immunity
When LSD is suspected, veterinarians should be consulted right away.

3. Isolation and Quarantine

Animals that are infected should be kept apart for at least 28 days.
During epidemics, animal movement should be restricted.

4. Biosecurity Protocols

Cleaning clothes and equipment properly
Refusing to use shared needles
Regulation of the movement of animals between states and farms

Lumpy Virus's effects on India

Dairy farming in India has suffered greatly as a result of the lumpy virus. Among the major effects are:

Millions of livestock died
Significant financial losses as a result of the decline in milk output
Farmers' loss of income
Higher costs for medical care and immunizations
Cattle transportation is prohibited when trade is impacted by outbreaks.
In 2022, over 1 lakh cow deaths were reported owing to LSD in India, primarily in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Punjab.

In conclusion

Cattle populations and the dairy industry are seriously threatened by the Lumpy Virus, particularly in developing nations like India. Although it is usually not lethal, it impairs animal output and health and puts producers under tremendous financial burden. Effective containment and management of LSD outbreaks is achievable with the help of the government, early discovery, and appropriate immunization.

The first step in protecting our cattle from this increasing hazard as a livestock owner or veterinarian is to remain knowledgeable and watchful.

FAQs Regarding the Lumpy Virus

Q1. Is it possible for humans to contract the lumpy virus?

No. Only buffaloes and cattle are susceptible to lumpy virus. It does not transmit to people and is not zoonotic.

Q2. Is it safe to consume milk from diseased cows?

It is safe for humans to consume boiling milk from affected cows, although production typically decreases considerably.

Q3. What is the virus's lifespan?

The Lumpy Virus is extremely tenacious, lasting up to 35 days in insect vectors and months in dry scabs.

Q4. Do animals suffer any long-term harm?

Indeed, infertility, decreased milk production, or chronic skin scarring could affect the long-term productivity of healed animals.

Q5. Is it possible to remove LSD?

Effective immunization, close observation, and biosecurity measures can control and prevent future outbreaks, even though total eradication is challenging because of insect vectors.

Location: India

Popular posts from this blog

How to remove gallbladder stone without operation

-
Image
The gallbladder: what is it? Bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver that aids in the breakdown of lipids in the small intestine, is stored and released by the gallbladder.                                What is gallbladder stone? Bile, a substance that aids in fat digestion, is stored in the gallbladder, a little organ beneath the liver. Types of gallbladder stone 1.    Cholesterol stone-  The most prevalent type, cholesterol stones, are primarily composed of fat. 2.      Pigment stone-   Pigment stones are tiny, dark stones that develop when bilirubin levels are elevated. Symptoms of gallbladder stone 1.    Stomach pain The most typical symptom is pain in the upper right abdomen (biliary colon). Acute, abrupt, and severe pain situated beneath the upper abdomen or right rib cage. could go anywhere from thirty minutes to many hour...
Read more

what is best food and drink for gallbladder stone

-
Image
Introduction Small, hardened deposits of digestive fluid can develop in the gallbladder and are referred to as gallstones. They frequently arise as a result of elevated bilirubin, bile salts, or cholesterol. Gallstones can cause discomfort, nausea, and other digestive problems when they clog bile ducts, however some people don't feel any symptoms. A nutritious diet is one of the best strategies to control and avoid gallstones. The greatest foods and beverages for gallbladder stones will be discussed in this article, along with some important dietary advice to support gallbladder health. The Significance of Diet in Gallbladder Stones By storing bile and releasing it as necessary, the gallbladder aids in the digestion of lipids. Gallstones can form as a result of a bad diet, particularly one that is heavy in fats and processed carbohydrates. Eating the correct foods lowers the chance of gallstones developing or getting worse and helps maintain healthy bile flow.   Favourite Foo...
Read more

Benefits of eating Bhui Amla everyday

-
Image
  What is Bhui Amla? The plant bhui amla typically reaches a height of 15–16 cm. It is also known as Bhumi Amla in Hindi and Sanskrit. Active Compounds in Bhui Amla 1.     Lignans 2.     Flavonoids 3.     Tannins 4.     Alkaloids You can find Bhui Amla as 1.     Fresh herb 2.     Dried powder 3.     Capsules/tablets 4.     Tinctures or extracts Bhui Amla is widely use in 1.     Liver health 2.     Kidney stones 3.     Antiviral and antibacterial 4.     Digestive aid 5.     Diabetes management 6.     Skin conditions For Liver Health -Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, which are found in Bhui Amla, are thought to shield liver cells from harm brought on by poisons, alcohol, and viruses. -It has been used historically to treat h...
Read more

Homeopathic medicine (Gall-B-Tone Drops): Benefits, uses, dosage and more

-
Image
  GALL-B-TONE DROPS (NL-4)    Introduction With today's fast-paced lifestyle and processed food habits, digestive discomfort, bloating, and gallbladder problems are becoming more prevalent. Homoeopathy provides a gentle yet efficient remedy for gallbladder issues. Among the noteworthy treatments, New Life Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.'s Gall-B-Tone Drops (NL-4) have become a dependable, all-natural way to promote liver and gallbladder function. This thorough blog will cover all you need to know before taking Gall-B-Tone NL-4, including its definition, composition, applications, health advantages, dosage, adverse effects, and user reviews. This site is your one-stop resource for anything related to gallstones, liver sluggishness, or digestive discomfort. What Are Gall-B-Tone Drops (NL-4)? New Life Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. created the exclusive homoeopathic formulation Gall-B-Tone NL-4 Drops to promote liver and gallbladder health. It is frequently used to allev...
Read more

Guillain-Barre Syndrome(GBS): Causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

-
Image
  Introduction The peripheral nerve system is impacted by the uncommon but dangerous autoimmune disease known as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). If not identified and treated right once, this illness can arise unexpectedly, worsen quickly, and frequently result in paralysis, muscle weakness, and potentially fatal consequences. We'll go over all you need to know about GBS in this comprehensive guide, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, available treatments, recovery, and prevention. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: What is it? The autoimmune disease known as Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) occurs when the body's immune system unintentionally targets peripheral nerves. The brain and spinal cord are connected to the rest of the body by these nerves. Damage to these nerves impairs brain-muscle communication, leading to numbness, weakness, and in extreme situations, paralysis. GBS is regarded as a neurological emergency, and results can be greatly enhanced by prompt med...
Read more

Thyroid cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and prevention

-
Image
 Introduction One kind of cancer that starts in the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck, is thyroid cancer. Despite being very uncommon in comparison to other cancers, thyroid cancer is becoming more common worldwide as a result of improved detection techniques and greater awareness. The majority of thyroid cancer patients are extremely treatable with early detection and appropriate treatment. Everything you need to know about thyroid cancer will be covered in this blog, including its types, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, available treatments, preventative measures, and commonly asked questions. This thorough guide is intended to improve understanding of the condition and encourage proactive measures for early identification and treatment among patients, caregivers, and healthcare enthusiasts. Thyroid Cancer: What Is It? When aberrant cells in the thyroid gland proliferate out of control, thyroid cancer results....
Read more

copper bottle: Benefits and disadvantages- A complete guide

-
Image
 Introduction Ancient knowledge is becoming increasingly prevalent in contemporary living as people strive for a healthy existence. Drinking water kept in a copper container is one such antiquated custom that is becoming more and more popular. According to Ayurveda, copper bottles have many health advantages. Like other health trends, though, it has certain potential downsides if not applied properly. We will examine the advantages and cons of utilizing a copper bottle in this in-depth blog post, supported by both contemporary research and traditional wisdom. What is Copper Bottle? An wholly or primarily copper metal container used to hold drinking water is called a copper bottle. According to Ayurvedic tradition, keeping water in a copper jar for six to eight hours—also known as Tamra Jal—is said to balance the three doshas of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. How copper bottle work? Tiny copper ions dissolve into the water after a few hours of storage in a copper bottle...
Read more

Nipah Virus: Causes, symptoms,transmission,treatment and prevention

-
Image
 Introduction There have been multiple outbreaks of the Nipah virus (NiV), a deadly and extremely contagious zoonotic virus, in South and Southeast Asia. Nipah virus infections, which were first discovered in Malaysia in 1998, can cause severe respiratory symptoms, encephalitis, or swelling of the brain, and frequently death. The virus is a major hazard to public health around the world because there is no approved vaccination or particular antiviral treatment. Everything you need to know about the Nipah virus, including its causes, symptoms, modes of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and current outbreaks, will be covered in this extensive reference. The Nipah Virus: What is it? The Nipah virus is a member of the genus Henipavirus and family Paramyxoviridae. Its high mortality rate and capacity for broad outbreaks have earned it the classification of biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogen. Since it can spread from animals to people, it is regarded as...
Read more

Incisional Hernia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

-
Image
  Introduction An incisional hernia is a particular kind of hernia that develops where a prior surgical incision was made. Internal tissues or organs might protrude through the incision site when the abdominal wall weakens as a result of surgery. Particularly following abdominal procedures, this disease is a frequent postoperative consequence. Incisional hernias can range in size from little and asymptomatic to larger and more dangerous if treatment is not received. We will go over all you need to know about incisional hernias in this comprehensive blog post, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, available treatments, preventative measures, and the significance of prompt medical attention. Regardless of your role—patient, carer, or healthcare enthusiast—this thorough resource will offer insightful information about this ailment. What Is an Incisional Hernia? Tissue pushing through the abdominal wall at the location of a prior surgical incision is known as an incisi...
Read more

Yellow Fever: Causes, diagnosis, symptoms and treatment with homemade remedies

-
Image
What is Yellow Fever? Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes are the principal vectors of transmission for yellow fever, a viral hemorrhagic disease. Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, is a common symptom in severe cases, which is why it is termed "yellow." In some regions of South America and Africa, the illness is endemic. Yellow fever is still a serious public health issue even with a vaccination, especially in tropical and subtropical areas where mosquito populations are abundant. Yellow Fever Causes The yellow fever virus (YFV), a Flavivirus that infects people through mosquito bites, is the main cause of yellow fever. The primary reasons and routes of transmission are as follows: The most frequent vector of transmission is mosquito bites. Urban transmission: The virus is transferred from person to person by infected mosquitoes in urban environments. Transmission in the jungle (sylvatic): When people contract the virus from infected monkeys through...
Read more